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Trial registered on ANZCTR
Registration number
ACTRN12615001051538
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
19/02/2015
Date registered
7/10/2015
Date last updated
9/09/2016
Type of registration
Retrospectively registered
Titles & IDs
Public title
A comparison in early high school students of the effect of an 8 week course of mindfulness versus normal school lessons on anxiety, depression, eating disorder risk factors and wellbeing
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Scientific title
A randomised controlled trial of a the ".b" mindfulness in schools curriculum versus normal lessons in Year 8 male and female Australian students to assess impact on anxiety, depression, weight/shape concerns and wellbeing (primary outcome factors) and self-compassion, difficulties in emotional regulation and mindfulness (secondary outcome factors).
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Secondary ID [1]
284663
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Nil
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Universal Trial Number (UTN)
U1111-1157-3112
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Trial acronym
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Linked study record
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Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Depression
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Anxiety
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Wellbeing
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Weight and shape concerns
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Condition category
Condition code
Mental Health
292334
292334
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0
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Depression
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Mental Health
292335
292335
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0
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Anxiety
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Mental Health
292336
292336
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0
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Eating disorders
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Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
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Description of intervention(s) / exposure
Adolescent mindfulness intervention (.b mindfulness in schools programme). Lesson duration 40-60 minutes delivered once weekly over a period of 8 weeks. Lesson format is a mix of interactive activities, short talks and mindfulness practices. Topics include training attention, cultivating a curious, patient and friendly attitude towards experience, understanding worry, switching out of autopilot back to the present moment, learning to step back from thoughts and befriend difficult emotions, and applying mindfulness to movement. Delivered by external mindfulness teacher. No formal adherence checks will be undertaken.
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Intervention code [1]
289443
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Prevention
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Intervention code [2]
291293
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Behaviour
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Comparator / control treatment
Lessons as usual
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Control group
Active
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Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
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Depression score on DASS-21
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Assessment method [1]
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Timepoint [1]
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one week prior to programme, one week post programme completion and 10 weeks later
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Primary outcome [2]
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Anxiety score on DASS-21
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Assessment method [2]
292196
0
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Timepoint [2]
292196
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one week prior to programme, one week post programme completion and 10 weeks later
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Primary outcome [3]
292197
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Weight and Shape concerns subscale of Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire
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Assessment method [3]
292197
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Timepoint [3]
292197
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one week prior to programme, one week post programme completion and 10 weeks later
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Secondary outcome [1]
308400
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Wellbeing (Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale)
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Assessment method [1]
308400
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Timepoint [1]
308400
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one week prior to programme, one week post programme completion and 10 weeks later
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Secondary outcome [2]
313227
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Mindfulness (Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, CAMM)
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Assessment method [2]
313227
0
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Timepoint [2]
313227
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one week prior to programme, one week post programme completion and 10 weeks later
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Secondary outcome [3]
313228
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Mindfulness (Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences, CHIME)
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Assessment method [3]
313228
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Timepoint [3]
313228
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one week prior to programme, one week post programme completion and 10 weeks later
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Secondary outcome [4]
313229
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Emotional Regulation (Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, DERS)
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Assessment method [4]
313229
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Timepoint [4]
313229
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one week prior to programme, one week post programme completion and 10 weeks later
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Secondary outcome [5]
313230
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Self-compassion (Self-compassion Scale, SCS)
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Assessment method [5]
313230
0
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Timepoint [5]
313230
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one week prior to programme, one week post programme completion and 10 weeks later
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Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
Enrolled in Year 8 at selected school, with active consent from parent and student
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Minimum age
11
Years
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Maximum age
16
Years
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Sex
Both males and females
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Can healthy volunteers participate?
Yes
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Key exclusion criteria
Nil
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Study design
Purpose of the study
Prevention
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Allocation to intervention
Randomised controlled trial
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Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
Selected schools provide pairs of classes which are randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. Allocation is not concealed.
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Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
Excel randomisation will be used with a priori rules about allocation
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Masking / blinding
Open (masking not used)
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Who is / are masked / blinded?
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Intervention assignment
Parallel
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Other design features
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Phase
Not Applicable
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Type of endpoint/s
Efficacy
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Statistical methods / analysis
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Recruitment
Recruitment status
Completed
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Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
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Actual
21/07/2014
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Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
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Actual
30/07/2014
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Date of last data collection
Anticipated
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Actual
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Sample size
Target
400
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Accrual to date
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Final
308
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Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
SA
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Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1]
289289
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University
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Name [1]
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Flinders University
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Address [1]
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Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia
Postal address : GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia
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Country [1]
289289
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Australia
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Funding source category [2]
289290
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Charities/Societies/Foundations
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Name [2]
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Fraser Mustard Centre
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Address [2]
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Level 8, 31 Flinders Street
Adelaide
South Australia, 5000
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Country [2]
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Australia
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Primary sponsor type
University
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Name
Flinders University
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Address
Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia
Postal address : GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia
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Country
Australia
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Secondary sponsor category [1]
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None
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Name [1]
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Address [1]
287960
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Country [1]
287960
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Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
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Ethics committee name [1]
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South Australian Department of Education and Child Development
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Ethics committee address [1]
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31 Flinders Street, Adelaide, SA 5000
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Ethics committee country [1]
292412
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Australia
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Date submitted for ethics approval [1]
292412
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Approval date [1]
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17/06/2014
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Ethics approval number [1]
292412
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CS/14/513-8
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Summary
Brief summary
Mindfulness, a form of mental skills training that originally derives from Eastern philosophy, shows promise as a prevention programme targeting a range of mental disorders (anxiety, depression and eating disorders) that often emerge in adolescence. Mindfulness involves learning to become fully aware of our present moment experience (both external events, and internally – thoughts, feelings and body sensations). This skill allows us to switch from automatic, habitual reactions, and more consciously/skilfully choose how to respond. Mindfulness training also teaches participants to approach all experience, pleasant and unpleasant (which is a normal part of life) with curiosity, friendliness and acceptance. This fosters an ability to sit with strong negative emotions, without resorting to maladaptive avoidant behaviour, e.g., binge eating or drug abuse. Robust evidence exists for mindfulness interventions with adults for reducing stress, anxiety and depression (Baer, 2003; Grossman et al., 2004; Khoury et al., 2013). Mindfulness in youth is a much newer field. Evidence to date is promising in terms of similar effects (Burke, 2010; Meiklejohn et al., 2012) but stronger empirical evidence is required. One recent study, by Kuyken and colleagues (2013) used the mindfulness in schools “.b” (dot be) curriculum which is an 8-9 lesson, once a week, programme. Across 522 students aged 12-16 years, results showed significant reductions in depression at programme completion in the group receiving the intervention. At 6 months follow up, reductions in depression had been maintained, and effects had broadened to also include decreased stress and increased wellbeing. Raes et al. (2013) found similar effects in their study of 408 school students (mean age 15) using an adolescent mindfulness intervention, with decreased depression and fewer new cases of depression in the intervention group both at programme completion and at 6 month follow up. Our current study seeks to replicate these results in an Australian context. In addition, we will broaden the outcome factors to include not only depression and wellbeing but also anxiety and eating disorder risk factors to investigate the programme’s potential as a prevention strategy across a range of mental health issues. In addition, for the first time, the proposed study will investigate the mechanisms by which mindfulness exerts its effects in adolescents in order to identify specific active components that could be amplified up to improve the effects. We will also investigate moderation, that is, for whom this intervention works. This pilot study, commencing in July 2014, will involve 400 students. These students will receive the full 8 lesson curriculum. We will trial an adult, multifactor mindfulness measurement tool for assessing mechanisms of change, as youth measures are single factor scales which do not allow finegrained analysis of the different elements of mindfulness as potential mediator pathways. Schools will be randomised at the classroom level to intervention or control groups.
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Trial website
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Trial related presentations / publications
Johnson, C., Burke, C., Brinkman, S., & Wade, T. (2016). Effectiveness of a school-based mindfulness program for transdiagnostic prevention in young adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 81, 1-11. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.03.002
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Public notes
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Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
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Ms Catherine Johnson
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Address
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School of Psychology
Flinders University
Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia
Postal address : GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia
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Country
48682
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Australia
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Phone
48682
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+61 8 8201 5122
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Fax
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Email
48682
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[email protected]
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Contact person for public queries
Name
48683
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Catherine Johnson
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Address
48683
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School of Psychology
Flinders University
Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia
Postal address : GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia
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Country
48683
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Australia
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Phone
48683
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+61 8 8201 5122
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Fax
48683
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Email
48683
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[email protected]
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Contact person for scientific queries
Name
48684
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Catherine Johnson
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Address
48684
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School of Psychology
Flinders University
Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia
Postal address : GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia
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Country
48684
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Australia
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Phone
48684
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+61 8 8201 5122
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Fax
48684
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Email
48684
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[email protected]
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No information has been provided regarding IPD availability
What supporting documents are/will be available?
No Supporting Document Provided
Results publications and other study-related documents
Documents added manually
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.
Documents added automatically
No additional documents have been identified.
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